Background
Annexes
Annex 1: About the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy
The Federal Sustainable Development Strategy (FSDS) sets out our sustainable development priorities, establishes goals and targets, and identifies actions to achieve them. Actions to implement the FSDS will also support the environmentally-focused sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Legislative basis
The Federal Sustainable Development Act (the Act) establishes the requirement to table the FSDS. The Act’s purpose is to provide the legal framework for developing and implementing an FSDS that will make environmental decision making more transparent and accountable to Parliament. The Act requires the Minister of Environment and Climate Change to table a whole-of-government FSDS at least once every 3 years.
An Act to amend the Federal Sustainable Development Act received Royal Assent in February 2019 and will come into force on a future date to be determined by the Governor in Council. Once the amendments are in force, future strategies will be guided by more effective, inclusive, and accountable strategies.
The role of departments and agencies
Environment and Climate Change Canada has a key role in implementing the Act. It houses the Sustainable Development Office (SDO), which is responsible for developing and maintaining systems and procedures to monitor progress on implementation of the FSDS, and for preparing FSDS Progress Reports at least once every 3 years. The SDO also coordinates the development of the strategy.
Because sustainable development goes beyond the environment, it cuts across many departmental and agency mandates. The Act reflects this, requiring agencies named in its schedule and departments named in Schedule I to the Financial Administration Act to prepare sustainable development strategies that comply with and contribute to the FSDS.
The role of departments and agencies also includes:
- working collaboratively with Environment and Climate Change Canada to develop the FSDS
- integrating environmental and sustainable development considerations into policy, plan and program development through strategic environmental assessments
- preparing sustainable development strategies containing objectives and plans within their mandate that contribute to the FSDS
The role of public consultation
Public consultation is an important part of FSDS development under the Act. Each draft FSDS must undergo a public consultation period of at least 120 days before it is finalized. As part of public consultation, the Minister of Environment and Climate Change provides the draft FSDS to:
- the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development
- the Sustainable Development Advisory Council (a multi-stakeholder advisory body consisting of at least 1 representative from each province and territory and 3 from each of the following: Indigenous peoples, environmental non-governmental organizations, business organizations, and organizations representative of labour)
- the appropriate committee of each House of Parliament
- the public
Consultation results inform the final Strategy and are summarized in a publicly-available synthesis report
The structure of the FSDS
The 2019–2022 FSDS is organized around 13 aspirational goals that are a Canadian reflection of the SDGs (See Annex 3 – Canada in the World), acknowledging our unique responsibilities and circumstances:
- Effective action on climate change – A low-carbon economy contributes to limiting global average temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius and supports efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius
- Greening government – The Government of Canada will transition to low-carbon, climate-resilient, and green operations
- Clean growth – A growing clean technology industry in Canada contributes to clean growth and the transition to a low-carbon economy
- Modern and resilient infrastructure – Modern, sustainable, and resilient infrastructure supports clean economic growth and social inclusion
- Clean energy – All Canadians have access to affordable, reliable and sustainable energy
- Healthy coasts and oceans – Coasts and oceans support healthy, resilient and productive ecosystems
- Pristine lakes and rivers – Clean and healthy lakes and rivers support economic prosperity and the well-being of Canadians
- Sustainably managed lands and forests – Lands and forests support biodiversity and provide a variety of ecosystem services for generations to come
- Healthy wildlife populations – All species have healthy and viable populations
- Clean drinking water – All Canadians have access to safe drinking water and, in particular, the significant challenges Indigenous communities face are addressed
- Sustainable food – Innovation and ingenuity contribute to a world-leading agricultural sector and food economy for the benefit of all Canadians
- Connecting Canadians with nature – Canadians are informed about the value of nature, experience nature first hand, and actively engage in its stewardship
- Safe and healthy communities – All Canadians live in clean, sustainable communities that contribute to their health and well-being
FSDS goals:
- are aspirational
- take a long-term view
- address important challenges and problems
- remain attuned to environmental information, data and indicators
- encourage flexibility in the choice of strategies for achievement
- reflect domestic and international priorities and commitments
One or more targets contribute to each goal. To the extent possible, targets are intended to:
- be measurable, meaning that it should be clear how progress will be measured, and targets should be supported by indicators that accurately represent what is being measured and that allow for comparison over time
- be time-bound, meaning that they should include clear time frames and specify what is required by when
- take a medium-term view, meaning 3 to 5 years
- fall within federal jurisdiction and departmental mandates
- be consistent with Government of Canada priorities
- reflect the principles set out in the Federal Sustainable Development Act
Short-term milestones complement FSDS targets. They represent interim steps that will help ensure we stay on track to achieve our longer-term objectives. In general, short-term milestones should be achievable within one 3-year FSDS cycle.
Action plans, which constitute implementation strategies as required by the Act, set out what we will do to achieve our medium-term targets and aspirational goals. They include priority measures, as well as other actions that support the goals and targets. Action plans should:
- be clear, meaning they should be written in plain language, well-defined and understandable
- be relevant, meaning they should have a clear connection to one or more targets or to a goal
- reflect actions the Government of Canada is taking or plans to take during the 3-year FSDS cycle (recognizing that actions may cover part of the 3-year cycle or may extend beyond it)
Action plans as set out in the FSDS are complemented by specific commitments set out in departmental sustainable development strategies. Departmental strategies, which must be tabled within one year of the FSDS, will include actions and performance measures that contribute to FSDS action plans.
While provinces and territories, Indigenous peoples, businesses, the scientific community, non-governmental organizations and Canadian citizens contribute to achieving environmental outcomes and achieving the SDGs of the 2030 Agenda, only federal actions are included in FSDS action plans.
Annex 2: Performance measurement
Performance measurement is an essential part of our sustainable development approach. We track and report on sustainable development actions and results through:
- Federal Sustainable Development Strategy (FSDS) progress reports
- reporting on departmental sustainable development strategies (DSDSs)
- the Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators (CESI)
FSDS progress reports
The Federal Sustainable Development Act requires us to prepare an FSDS progress report at least once every 3 years. Progress reports will let you know how we are implementing the FSDS and how quickly we are making progress toward its goals and targets. Beginning with the 2018 Progress Report, we use a simple dashboard approach to ensure that our reports are clear and accessible.
While FSDS progress reports provide important information on environmental outcomes, it is important to note that responsibility for the environment is shared, and that we support environmental sustainability within the constraints of our jurisdiction and authorities. As a result, it can be difficult to directly link federal actions to environmental outcomes.
Departmental sustainable development strategies
DSDSs provide detailed information on what departments and agencies are doing to help meet the aspirational goals through the targets and milestones set out in the FSDS. Over the next 3 years, taking into account your comments and ideas, participating departments and agencies will develop DSDSs that comply with and contribute to the FSDS.
DSDSs are linked with core departmental planning and reporting processes, and include:
- the department’s sustainable development vision
- specific departmental sustainability commitments and actions
- performance indicators that show how departments are meeting their commitments
- information on departmental decision making and sustainable development practices, including implementation of strategic environmental assessments
Departments and agencies bound by the Act contribute differently to FSDS goals and targets depending on their mandate; however, all are responsible for contributing to our goal of greening government.
Indicators
The indicators we will use to measure and report on our progress are largely drawn from the CESI program. The program selects indicators using the following criteria:
- policy relevance (represents the FSDS goals and targets)
- utility (meets the needs of decision makers and the public)
- soundness (provides consistent and solid methodology; comparable over time)
- data availability and integrity (uses existing high-quality data with adequate coverage)
The CESI program produces indicators with the support of programs within Environment and Climate Change Canada and other federal departments and agencies, including Health Canada, Statistics Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Parks Canada, Transport Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada, as well as provincial and territorial governments.
A wide range of indicators beyond those found in support of the FSDS is available through the CESI website. Table 2 sets out the CESI indicators that will be used to track progress on the 2019–2022 FSDS, along with FSDS indicators from other sources.
Table 2 – Indicators for measuring progress on the 2019 to 2022 FSDS
Effective action on climate change |
|||
Target Title |
Measures of progress toward the target |
Update cycle |
Source |
Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions |
Every year |
CESI |
|
Zero-emission vehicles |
Percentage of new light-duty vehicles sales that are made up of zero-emission vehicles |
Every year |
Transport Canada |
Complementary contextual indicators supporting the goal |
Update Cycle |
Source |
|
Every year |
CESI |
||
Every year |
CESI |
||
Progress towards Canada's greenhouse gas emissions reduction target |
Every year |
CESI |
|
Every year |
CESI |
||
Snow cover |
Every 2 years |
CESI |
|
Every 2 years |
CESI |
||
Every 5 years |
Natural Resources Canada |
Greening Government |
|||
Target Title |
Measures of progress toward the target |
Update cycle |
Source |
Greenhouse gas emissions reductions from federal buildings and fleets |
Every year |
Centre for Greening Government (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat) |
|
Real property and fleet |
Percentage of non-hazardous operational waste diverted from landfill |
Every year |
Centre for Greening Government (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat) |
Real property and fleet |
Percentage of plastic waste diverted from landfill |
Every year |
Centre for Greening Government (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat) |
Real property and fleet |
Percentage of construction, renovation and demolition waste diverted from landfill |
Every year |
Centre for Greening Government (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat) |
Real property and fleet |
Percentage of the federal administrative fleet comprised of zero-emission vehicles |
Every year |
Centre for Greening Government (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat) |
Adaptation to climate change |
Percentage of departments that have developed measures to reduce climate change risks to assets, services and operations identified through departmental climate change risk assessment processes |
Every year |
Centre for Greening Government (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat) |
Procurement |
Percentage of purchased electricity from clean generation sources |
Every year |
Centre for Greening Government (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat) |
Complementary contextual indicators supporting the goal |
Update Cycle |
Source |
|
Progress towards Canada's greenhouse gas emissions reduction target |
Every year |
CESI |
|
Every year |
CESI |
Clean Growth |
|||
Target Title |
Measures of progress toward the target |
Update cycle |
Source |
Federal investment in clean energy research, development and demonstration |
TBC |
Natural Resources Canada |
|
Clean technology exports |
Every year |
Statistics Canada |
|
Complementary contextual indicators supporting the goal |
Update Cycle |
Source |
|
Every year |
Statistics Canada |
||
Every year |
Statistics Canada |
Modern and Resilient I nfrastructure |
|||
Target Title |
Measures of progress toward the target |
Update cycle |
Source |
By the end of the 2027-2028 fiscal year, invest $26.9 billion in funding for green infrastructure initiatives that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve climate resilience and environment |
100% of funding available for projects under the green infrastructure stream of the Investing in Canada plan has been allocated to projects Note: We have allocated $26.9 billion under the green infrastructure stream of the Investing in Canada plan, a horizontal initiative delivered by 14 federal departments and agencies. A portion of the $26.9 billion allocation will be used for administrative, operations and maintenance, and other program costs. |
N/A |
Infrastructure Canada |
Complementary contextual indicators supporting the goal |
Update Cycle |
Source |
|
Value of green infrastructure projects approved under the Investing in Canada plan (federal share) |
Every year |
Infrastructure Canada |
|
Percentage of municipalities that have integrated consideration of climate change impacts into their asset management planning and practices (Core Public Infrastructure Survey) |
Every 2 years |
Infrastructure Canada |
|
Percentage of communities across Canada with sustained boil water advisories per year (Core Public Infrastructure Survey) |
Every 2 years |
Infrastructure Canada |
|
Percentage of wastewater systems that are high, medium and low risk based on federal wastewater systems effluent regulations (Core Public Infrastructure Survey) |
Every 2 years |
Infrastructure Canada |
|
Percentage of municipalities who practice asset management (Core Public Infrastructure Survey) |
Every 2 years |
Infrastructure Canada |
|
Percentage of municipalities that strengthened their asset management practices as a result of federal funding through Infrastructure Canada |
N/A |
Infrastructure Canada |
|
Percentage of municipalities that built or enhanced their capacity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change as a result of federal funding through Infrastructure Canada |
N/A |
Infrastructure Canada |
|
Number of structural and/or natural assets with improved structural capacity to adapt to climate change, disaster, weather, etc. |
N/A |
Infrastructure Canada |
Clean Energy |
|||
Target Title |
Measures of progress toward the target |
Update cycle |
Source |
Clean power generation |
Every year |
Natural Resources Canada |
|
Energy efficiency |
Every year |
Natural Resources Canada |
Healthy Coasts and Oceans |
|||
Target Title |
Measures of progress toward the target |
Update cycle |
Source |
Marine conservation |
Every year |
CESI |
|
Sustainable fisheries |
Every year |
CESI |
|
Complementary contextual indicators supporting the goal |
Update Cycle |
Source |
|
Every 2 years |
CESI |
||
Eelgrass sites and trends |
Every 3 years |
CESI |
|
Every year |
CESI |
||
Every 3 years |
CESI |
||
Every 3 years |
CESI |
Pristine Lakes and Rivers |
|||
Target Title |
Measures of progress toward the target |
Update cycle |
Source |
Lake Erie |
Every year |
CESI |
|
Lake Winnipeg Basin |
Every year for loading, every 2 years for levels |
CESI |
|
Complementary contextual indicators supporting the goal |
Update Cycle |
Source |
|
Every 3 years |
CESI |
||
Every 2 years |
CESI |
||
Every year |
CESI |
||
Every year |
CESI |
||
Every 2 years |
CESI |
||
Every year |
CESI |
||
Every year |
CESI |
Sustainably managed lands and forests |
|||
Target Title |
Measures of progress toward the target |
Update cycle |
Source |
Terrestrial ecosystem conservation |
Every year |
CESI |
|
Health of national parks |
Every year |
CESI |
|
Sustainable forests |
Every year |
CESI |
|
Complementary contextual indicators supporting the goal |
Update Cycle |
Source |
|
Every year |
Natural Resources Canada |
||
Every year |
Natural Resources Canada |
||
Land use change |
Every 3 years |
CESI |
|
Every 4 years |
CESI |
Healthy wildlife populations |
|||
Target Title |
Measures of progress toward the target |
Update cycle |
Source |
Species at risk (protection and recovery) |
Every year |
CESI |
|
Every 5 years |
CESI |
||
Migratory birds |
Every 3 years |
CESI |
|
Complementary contextual indicators supporting the goal |
Update Cycle |
Source |
|
Every year |
CESI |
Clean drinking water |
|||
Target Title |
Measures of progress toward the target |
Update cycle |
Source |
Long-term drinking water advisories |
Number of long-term drinking water advisories affecting First Nations drinking water systems |
Every 3 years |
CESI |
Complementary contextual indicators supporting the goal |
Update Cycle |
Source |
|
Every 2 years |
CESI |
Sustainable Food |
|||
Target Title |
Measures of progress toward the target |
Update cycle |
Source |
Sustainable agriculture |
Every 5 years |
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada |
|
Sustainable aquaculture |
Every year |
CESI |
|
Agri-food exports |
Every year |
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada |
|
Complementary contextual indicators supporting the goal |
Update Cycle |
Source |
|
Every year |
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada |
||
Every 2 years |
CESI |
||
Every year |
Statistics Canada |
||
Every year |
Statistics Canada |
Connecting Canadians with nature |
|||
Target Title |
Measures of progress toward the target |
Update cycle |
Source |
Visitation to parks and participation in biodiversity conservation activities |
Every year |
Parks Canada |
|
Complementary contextual indicators supporting the goal |
Update Cycle |
Source |
|
Trends in percentage of Canadians who report that they visited parks or public greenspaces |
Every 2 years |
Statistics Canada |
|
Number of visits to selected national wildlife areas |
Every year |
Environment and Climate Change Canada |
|
Percentage of Canadians who report that they take definite action to protect the environment |
Every 2 years |
Statistics Canada |
Safe and healthy communities |
|||
Target Title |
Measures of progress toward the target |
Update cycle |
Source |
Air quality |
Every year |
CESI |
|
Chemicals Management Plan |
Percentage of substances that are found to be toxic to the environment that have controls in place in a timely manner. |
Every year |
Environment and Climate Change Canada |
Every year |
Health Canada |
||
Air pollutant emissions |
Every year |
CESI |
|
Complementary contextual indicators supporting the goal |
Update Cycle |
Source |
|
Every 3 years |
CESI |
||
Every year |
CESI |
||
Every 3 years |
CESI |
||
Every 3 years |
CESI |
||
Every 3 years |
CESI |
||
Every year |
CESI |
||
Every year |
CESI |
Annex 3: Canada in the world
Canada is not alone in taking action to protect the environment and improve our quality of life—sustainable development is a priority around the world. In addition to advancing our domestic priorities, the FSDS goals, targets and actions support the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as well as other international agreements and initiatives.
Support for the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda
Our 13 FSDS goals are a reflection of the SDGs, with a focus on their environmental dimensions. Table 3 shows alignment between our strategy and the global SDGs, including direct linkages between FSDS and SDG targets.
Table 3 – Alignment between FSDS goals and the SDGs
FSDS goals and targets |
Relevant SDGs and SDG targets |
---|---|
Effective action on climate change |
SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production SDG 13: Climate Action SDG 14: Life Below Water SDG 15: Life on Land SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals |
By 2030, reduce Canada's total greenhouse gas emissions by 30%, relative to 2005 emission levels |
9.4 - By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning |
Zero-emission vehicles will represent 10% of new light-duty vehicle sales by 2025, 30% by 2030 and 100% by 2040 |
9.4 - By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning |
Greening government |
SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production SDG 13: Climate Action |
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from federal government facilities and fleets by 40% by 2030 (with an aspiration to achieve this target by 2025) and 80% below 2005 levels by 2050 (with an aspiration to be carbon neutral) |
12.7 Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning |
Our administrative fleet will be comprised of at least 80% zero-emission vehicles by 2030 |
11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management 12.7 Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning |
Divert at least 75% (by weight) of non-hazardous operational waste from landfills by 2030 |
12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning |
Divert at least 75% (by weight) of plastic waste from landfills by 2030 |
12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning |
Divert at least 90% (by weight) of all construction and demolition waste from landfills and strive to achieve 100% by 2030) |
12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning |
By 2030, 75% of domestic office lease transactions must be carbon neutral in situations where the federal government represents 75% or greater of the occupied space (m2), market conditions permit and a competitive environment exists |
12.7 Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning |
By 2022, departments have developed measures to reduce climate change risks to assets, services and operations |
11.b By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning |
Use 100% clean electricity by 2025 |
By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix 12.7 Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning |
Clean growth |
SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production SDG 13: Climate Action SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals |
Implement our Mission Innovation pledge to double federal government investments in clean energy research, development and demonstration from 2015 levels of $387 million to $775 million in 2020 |
9.5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending |
Increase the value of Canada’s clean technology exports to $15.6 billion by 2025 |
9.5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending |
Modern and resilient infrastructure |
SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure SDG 13: Climate Action |
By the end of the 2027 to 2028 fiscal year, invest $26.9 billion in funding for green infrastructure initiatives that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve climate resilience and environment quality |
9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities |
Clean energy |
SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production |
By 2030, 90% and in the long term, 100% of Canada's electricity is generated from renewable and non-emitting sources |
7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix |
By 2030, 600 petajoules of total annual energy savings will be achieved as a result of adoption of energy efficiency codes, standards and practices from a baseline savings of 27.4 petajoules in 2017–2018 |
7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency |
Healthy coasts and oceans |
SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production SDG 14: Life Below Water SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals |
By 2020, 10% of coastal and marine areas are conserved through networks of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures |
14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans 14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10% of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information |
By 2020, all major fish and invertebrate stocks are managed and harvested at levels considered to be sustainable, from a baseline of 96% harvested within established ecosystem limits in 2016 |
14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics |
Pristine lakes and rivers |
SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production SDG 14: Life Below Water SDG 15: Life on Land SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals |
Achieve and maintain a 40% reduction in annual phosphorus loading into Lake Erie from a 2008 baseline to achieve the binational (Canada-US) phosphorus targets |
6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally |
By 2022, reduce nutrient loadings in the Lake Winnipeg Basin by an estimated 44 700 kilograms per year in support of Manitoba’s plan to reduce phosphorus in Lake Winnipeg by 50% to pre-1990 levels |
6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally |
Sustainably managed lands and forests |
SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities SDG 15: Life on Land |
By 2020, at least 17% of terrestrial areas and inland water are conserved through networks of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures |
15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements |
By March 31 2023, ecological integrity will be maintained or improved in 92% of national park ecosystems |
15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally |
Between now and 2022, maintain Canada’s annual timber harvest at or below sustainable wood supply levels |
15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally |
Healthy wildlife populations |
SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities SDG 14: Life Below Water SDG 15: Life on Land |
By 2020, populations of species at risk listed under federal law exhibit trends that are consistent with recovery strategies and management plans |
15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species |
By 2025, increase the percentage of migratory bird species whose populations sizes fall within an acceptable range—neither too low nor too high—from a baseline of 57% in 2013 |
15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species |
Clean drinking water |
SDG 3: Good health and Well-Being SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation |
By 2021, all of the long-term drinking water advisories on public systems on reserve are to be resolved |
6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all 6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate 6.B Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management |
Sustainable food |
SDG 2: Zero Hunger SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production SDG 14: Life Below Water SDG 15: Life on Land |
By 2030, support improvement in the environmental performance of the agriculture sector by achieving score of 71 or higher for the Index of Agri-Environmental Sustainability (reflecting the quality of water, soil, air and biodiversity) |
2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality |
Achieve 90% compliance with Fisheries Act regulations related to aquaculture |
2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality |
Grow Canada’s agri-food exports to $75 billion per year by 2025 |
2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality |
Connecting Canadians with nature |
SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production |
By 2020, maintain or increase the number of Canadians that get out into nature—for example, by visiting parks and green spaces—and increase participation in biodiversity conservation activities relative to a 2010 baseline |
11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage 11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities 12.8 By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature |
Safe and healthy communities |
SDG 2: Zero Hunger SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production SDG 13: Climate Action SDG 15: Life on Land |
Increase the percentage of Canadians living in areas where air quality standards are achieved from 70% in 2015 to 85% in 2030 |
3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination 11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management |
Continued decrease in emissions from 1990 of fine particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and volatile organic compounds from all sources |
3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination 11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management |
From 2019 to 2022, take risk management actions in a timely manner for 100% of substances found to be a risk to the environment or human health |
3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination 1.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management |
Other international agreements and initiatives supported by FSDS goals, targets and actions
Effective action on climate change
- Arctic Council Framework for Action on Enhanced Black Carbon and Methane Emissions Reductions
- Canada-China Climate Change Working Group
- Climate and Clean Air Coalition
- Global Methane Initiative
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
- North American Climate, Clean Energy and Environment Partnership
- North American Climate Leadership Dialogue
- North American Leaders’ Summit
- North American Memorandum of Understanding Concerning Climate Change and Energy Collaboration
- Paris Agreement
- Paris Declaration on Carbon Markets in the Americas
- Powering Past Coal Alliance
- Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030
- United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Greening government
Clean growth
- Communiqué of the G7 Bologna Environment Ministers' Meeting, Annex: 5-year Bologna Roadmap on Resource Efficiency
- Communiqué of the G7 Toyama Environment Ministers’ Meeting, Annex: Toyama Framework on Material Cycles
- G7 Alliance on Resource Efficiency
- Hamburg G20 Leaders’ Declaration: G20 Resource Efficiency Dialogue
- Joint Declaration on Canada-China Clean Technology Cooperation
- Korea-Canada Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in Innovation and Energy Technologies
- Mission Innovation
- North American Memorandum of Understanding Concerning Climate Change and Energy Collaboration
- US-Canada Joint Statement on Climate, Energy and Arctic Leadership
Modern and resilient infrastructure
- North American Memorandum of Understanding Concerning Climate Change and Energy Collaboration
- Paris Agreement
- Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030
- US-Canada Joint Statement on Climate, Energy and Arctic Leadership
Clean energy
- Clean Energy, Education and Empowerment (C3E or Women in Energy) Initiative
- Mission Innovation
- North American Climate, Clean Energy and Environment Partnership
- Canada-Mexico Partnership
- Memoranda of Understanding between Canada and Argentina on energy efficiency, mining policy, and nuclear energy cooperation
- North American Memorandum of Understanding Concerning Climate Change and Energy Collaboration
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Healthy coasts and oceans
- 1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (the London Protocol)
- Canada-US Bilateral Agreement on Shellfish Sanitation
- Charlevoix Blueprint for Healthy Oceans, Seas and Resilient Coastal Communities: G7 Ocean Plastics Charter
- Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972 (London Convention)
- Regional fisheries management organizations
- United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the related global and national biodiversity targets for 2020
- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
- United Nations Global Partnership on Marine Litter
Pristine lakes and rivers
- 1971 Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar)
- Canada-US Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement
- Great Lakes Fisheries Commission
- Treaty Relating to the Boundary Waters and Questions Arising Along the Border between the United States and Canada (The Boundary Waters Treaty)
- United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the related global and national biodiversity targets for 2020
Sustainably managed lands and forests
- 1971 Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar)
- Arctic Council work on Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna
- Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
- Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
- Montreal Process Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests (The Montreal Process)
- North American Waterfowl Management Plan
- United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the related global and national biodiversity targets for 2020
Healthy wildlife populations
- Agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States on the Conservation of the Porcupine Caribou Herd
- Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears
- Arctic Council work on Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna
- Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds in the United States and Canada
- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
- Memorandum of Understanding Between Environment Canada and the United States Department of the Interior for the Conservation and Management of Shared Polar Bear Populations
- North American Bird Conservation Initiative
- North American Waterfowl Management Plan
- Pacific Salmon Treaty
- Pan American Shorebird Program
- United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the related global and national biodiversity targets for 2020
Initiatives under:
- International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization
- International Maritime Organization
- International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks
Clean drinking water
Sustainable food
- Canada-US Bilateral Agreement on Shellfish Sanitation
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
- International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
- Pacific Salmon Treaty
- Regional fisheries management organizations
- Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade
- Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
- United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the related global and national biodiversity targets for 2020
- United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
- United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Connecting Canadians with nature
Safe and healthy communities
- 1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (the London Protocol)
- Agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States on Air Quality
- Agreement Between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States Concerning the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste
- Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
- Canada-US Regulatory Cooperation Council – Regulatory Partnership Statement on Chemicals
- Clean Air and Climate Coalition initiative to address short-lived climate pollutants
- Canada-Australia cooperative arrangement on the Subject of Sharing Information on New Industrial Chemicals
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- Memorandum of Understanding Between the European Chemicals Agency and Environment Canada/Health Canada
- Minamata Convention on Mercury
- Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Decisions related to the Chemicals Programme
- North American Climate, Clean Energy and Environment Partnership
- North American Memorandum of Understanding Concerning Climate Change and Energy Collaboration
- Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade
- Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
- Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication, and Ground-level Ozone (Gothenburg Protocol)
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Protocol on Heavy Metals
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
- World Health Organization road map to address global air pollution health risks
Annex 4: List of departments and agencies
The following departments and agencies are required to table sustainable development strategies under the Federal Sustainable Development Act :
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency
- Canada Border Services Agency
- Canada Economic Development for Quebec Regions
- Canada Revenue Agency
- Canadian Heritage
- Department of Finance Canada
- Department of Justice Canada
- Employment and Social Development Canada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada
- Global Affairs Canada
- Health Canada
- Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada
- Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (Indigenous Services Canada and Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada)
- Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
- National Defence
- Natural Resources Canada
- Parks Canada
- Public Health Agency of Canada
- Public Safety Canada
- Public Services and Procurement Canada
- Transport Canada
- Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat
- Veterans Affairs Canada
- Western Economic Diversification Canada
While not bound by the act, the following organizations have contributed to the 2019–2022 Federal Sustainable Development Strategy:
- Canadian Coast Guard*
- Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency
- Correctional Service Canada
- Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario
- Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario
- Infrastructure Canada
- Jacques Cartier and Champlain Bridges Incorporated
- National Capital Commission
- National Research Council Canada
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police
- Standards Council of Canada
- Statistics Canada
- Sustainable Development Technology Canada
* The Canadian Coast Guard is included as part of Fisheries and Oceans Canada throughout the strategy.
References
Glossary of terms
Adaptation: Adjusting our decisions, activities, and thinking because of observed or expected changes in climate, in order to reduce harm or take advantage of new opportunities
Biodiversity: The variability among living organisms from all sources including, among others, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems
Clean energy: Renewable and non-emitting (such as nuclear) energy sources, and carbon capture and storage technologies, as well as the reduction of energy usage through energy efficiency.
Clean technology: Any process, product, or service that reduces environmental impacts (Statistics Canada)
Country/traditional food: Terms used in Canada to refer to foods gathered, hunted and fished by Indigenous peoples, especially in the Northern regions
Ecological integrity: A condition in which the natural components of an ecosystem—including physical elements, diversity of species and habitats, and ecological processes—are likely to persist
Ecosystem: An ecological community together with its environment, functioning as a unit
Ecosystem services: Services which humans derive from ecological functions such as photosynthesis, oxygen production, and water purification
Embodied carbon: As used in the Greening Government Strategy, embodied carbon refers to carbon dioxide emitted during the manufacture, transport and construction of building materials, together with end-of-life emissions
Food security: A condition in which all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life
Green infrastructure: Infrastructure that protects communities and supports Canada’s ongoing transition to a clean growth economy
Light-duty vehicle: For the purpose of greening government, light-duty vehicle means passenger cars, vans and light trucks consistent with Parts II and III of the Government Motor Vehicle Ordering Guide published by Public Services and Procurement Canada
Protected area: A clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values (IUCN, 2016)
Renewable energy: Energy obtained from natural resources that can be naturally replenished or renewed within a human lifespan
Resilience: The ability of a social or ecological system to absorb disturbances while retaining the same basic structure and ways of functioning, the capacity of self organization, and the capacity to adapt to stress and change (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014)
Stewardship: Management of resources in such a way that they can be passed on with integrity to future generations
Sustainable development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
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